Assignment of human beta-, gamma-, and delta-globin genes to the short arm of chromosome 11 by chromosome sorting and DNA restriction enzyme analysis.

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Abstract
Normal human metaphase chromosomes isolated from fibroblasts were resolved into 14 peaks based on total Hoechst 33258 fluorescence and sorted with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The chromosomal DNA was extracted and characterized by EcoRI analysis. As expected, analysis of the peak containing chromosomes 16 and 18 detected the .alpha.-globin genes and of the peak containing chromosomes 9, 10, 11 and 12 detected the .beta.-, .gamma.- and .delta.-globin genes. Translocations were used to further localize the .beta.-, .gamma.- and .delta.-globin genes. The 1st translocation t(11;22)(q25;q11), which moved nearly all of chromosome 11 to a different peak, confirmed that the .beta.-, .gamma.- and .delta.-globin genes are on this chromosome. The 2nd, t(4;11)(q25;q13), which moved the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 11 to a new peak, showed that the genes are not in this segment. The 3rd, t(X;11)(q11;p13), moved the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 11 to a peak which now contained the .beta.-, .gamma.- and .delta.-globin genes. The .beta.-, .gamma.- and .delta.-globin evidently reside on the distal portion of the chromsome 11 short arm including bands p13, p14 and p15. This sorting method may be used generally to assign other genes to chromosomal segments of the entire chromosome complement.