The Disease and Adaptive Models of Addiction: A Re-Evaluation

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Abstract
The search for underlying causes of alcoholism and drug addiction has delayed the growth of their diagnoses and treatment. Often the emphasis and the debate are directed toward the etiology before the criteria for the addictions are established; the question asked is “why?” and then, “what?” rather than “what is it?” and, “why?”. In reality, the reasons are not only unavailable at this time, but are relatively unimportant for the proper diagnosis and treatment of addiction. The disease concept is an advancement toward a framework that can be used to define alcohol and drug addiction and enable scientific research hypotheses to be formed. The adaptive model is a recalcitrant retreat to explanations that have been inadequate for progress for a long time.

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