Genotyping of forensic short tandem repeat (STR) systems based on sizing precision in a capillary electrophoresis instrument

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Abstract
Automated fluorescence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified short tandem repeat (STR) systems by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming an established tool both in forensic casework and in the implementation of both state and national convicted offender DNA databases. A new capillary electrophoresis instrument, the ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer, along with the Performance Optimized Polymer 4 (POP-4) provides an automated and precise method for simultaneously analyzing ten flourescently labeled STR loci from a single PCR amplification kit, which provides a power of discrimination of approximately one in five billion from a single PCR amplification. Data are presented on sizing precision, sizing accuracy, and resolution for the STR loci in the AmpFlSTR Profiler™ kit. Sizing accuracy is highly dependent on the electrophoresis system, and therefore the reporting of alleles based on the nucleotide size obtained from an electrophoresis system is not recommended for forensic work. The precision of the 310 capillary electrophoresis system, coupled with software developed for automated genotyping of alleles based on the use of an allelie ladder, allows for accurate genotyping of STR loci. Sizing precision of ⩽ 0.16 nucleotide standard deviation was obtained with this system, thus allowing for accurate genotyping of length variants that differ in length by a single nucleotide.