Adhesion of bacteria from mixed cell suspension to solid surfaces

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Abstract
The attachment of four species of bacteria to solid surfaces was investigated to determine whether the attachment of one species of bacterium could be influenced by the presence of other attaching or attached species. Three types of experiment were done: (i) attachment of bacteria from suspensions containing two species (termed “simultaneous attachment”) was compared to attachment of each species in pure culture, (ii) the attachment of one species of bacterium to surfaces already colonized by a second species (termed “sequential attachment”) was compared to attachment of the bacteria to clean, uncolonized surfaces, and (iii) bacteria were allowed to attach to a surface already colonized by a second strain, and their effect on the stabilization of adhesion of the initial colonizing strain was determined. The bacteria were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a Staphylococcus sp., a coryneform (isolates from a canning factory), and Staphylococcus aureus. The surfaces were tin plate, glass, and nylon. The attachment of each species was either increased, decreased or not affected by the simultaneous or sequential attachment of another species. The results depended upon the species combination, the surface composition, and the sequence of attachment. The detachment of a primary colonizing species was either increased, decreased or not affected by the subsequent attachment of a second species, depending on the species combination and surface. The results demonstrate that bacterial attachment to a surface can be influenced by the composition of the attaching population and can differ considerably from the attachment of the component species in pure culture. This has implications for the control and removal of biofilms in food processing plants, as well as a wider significance for the composition and dynamics of biofilms in industrial and natural environments.