The structure of ‘ineffective’ nodules and its influence on nitrogen fixation

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Abstract
1. The anatomy and cytology of nodules produced on clover, peas and soy beans by 'effective' and 'ineffective' strains of Rhizobia were investigated, with especial reference to the changes in volume of the active infected tissue during the life of the nodule. 2. In clover the mean volume of this active bacterial tissue is about three times as great in 'effective' as in 'ineffective' nodules. This is due to an early arrest of growth in nodules produced by ineffective strains. 3. In all nodules the active bacterial tissue eventually disintegrates, but in effective clover nodules it remains without disintegration for about six times as long as in ineffective nodules. 4. In an experiment to test the nitrogen fixation by clover inoculated with an effective and an ineffective strain, the difference between the strains in the amounts of nitrogen fixed could be accounted for by the differences in volume and in duration of the active bacterial tissue. 5. In peas, nodules produced by an effective strain were nearly twice the length of those produced by an ineffective strain, and their bacterial tissue remained without disintegration for about twice as long. 6. In soy beans the mean volume of bacterial tissue was 4.75 times as great in effective as in ineffective nodules and the percentage of that volume composed of infected cells was twice as great. 7. In ineffective soy bean nodules disintegration of the bacterial tissue began when the plant was 4 weeks old and was practically complete by the twelfth week, at which time no disintegration could be found in effective nodules. 8. The difference in amount of nitrogen fixed by soy bean plants bearing each type of nodule could be accounted for wholly by the factors mentioned above. 9. Thus in both clover and soy bean nodules the volume and duration of the active infected tissue are the main, if not the only, factors determining differences in nitrogen fixation amongst the strains tested.

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