Quantum dots as dynamical systems

Abstract
Quantum dots show a range of time-dependent behaviours. We show that the polarity of II-VI nanoparticles has important dynamical implications for electronic, vibrational and other phenomena. Polarity-dependent phenomena are found even for nearly spherical stoichiometric clusters of ZnO and ZnS in studies based on interatomic potentials or on a plane-wave density-functional approach. We find a substantial dipole moment for free nanoparticles, whether of the zinc blende or wurtzite structure. This dipole causes a highly non-uniform spin-density distribution on electronic excitation or after a change in the dot's electronic charge state. The spin density of the triplet exciton shows that the dipole aligns so as to reduce the dipole moment in the electronically excited state. The polarity of II-VI dots also affects their vibrational properties. High- and low-frequency tails of the vibration density of states arise from modes strongly localized at surface atoms, near the poles of the dipole. These features, first noted for free clusters, also hold for particles embedded in a wide-gap dielectric, a-SiO(2). We present the results of molecular dynamics of the ZnS particle embedded into the silica glass, and consider the role played by the soft modes in energy-dissipation processes such as dephasing during non-radiative recombination of excitons, and energy transfer from the dot to the matrix.