Hydrophobic Material in Routine Umbilical Cord Care and Prevention of Infections in Newborn Infants

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Abstract
In a prospective randomized study 2 different regimens for umbilical disinfection in newborn infants were tested: (i) a bandage of hydrophobic material (Sorbact®; n = 1213), and (ii) daily cleansing with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol (n = 1228). Infections were registered in the nursery as well as after discharge until 6 weeks of age, and bacterial cultures taken from infected areas. A total of 410 infections were registered in 377 (15.4%) of the 2441 infants. Total infection rates of 16.3 and 14.6% were found in the hydrophobic material group and the chlorhexidine-ethanol group respectively (p>0.05). No differences were found between the groups in infection rates in the nursery (8.9 vs. 8.7%), after discharge (7.4 vs. 5.9%), or in rates of different types of infections (conjunctivitis, pyoderma, paronychia, omphalitis) (p>0.05). 536 strains were isolated. 498 (92.9%) were gram-positive, 45 (8.4%) gram-negative, and 7 (13%) candida strains. 229 (55.9%) were Staphylococcus aurens strains. No differences were found between the two groups concerning distribution of the different strains isolated. Separation of the umbilical cord occurred significantly later in the hydrophobic material group than in the chlorhexidine-ethanol group (6.2±2.2 vs. 5.8±2.1 days; p<0.05). Hydrophobic material does not prevent infections more effectively compared to 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol.