Rhythmicity in Ethylene Production in Cotton Seedlings

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Abstract
Cotyledons of cotton (G. hirsutum L.) seedlings grown under a photoperiod of 12 h darkness and 12 h light showed daily oscillations in ethylene evolution. The rate of ethylene evolution began to increase toward the end of the dark period and reached a maximum rate during the first third of the light period, then it declined and remained low until shortly before the end of the dark period. The oscillations in ethylene evolution occurred in young, mature and old cotyledons (7-21 day old). These oscillations in ethylene evolution seemed to be endogenously controlled since they continued even when the photoperiod was inverted. Moreover, in continuous light the oscillations in ethylene evolution persisted, but with shorter intervals between the maximal points of ethylene evolution. In continuous darkness the oscillations in ethylene evolution disappeared. The conversion of [3,4-14C]methionine into [14C] ethylene followed the oscillations in ethylene evolution in the regular as well as the inverted photoperiod. On the other hand, the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene did not follow the oscillations in ethylene evolution, but was affected directly by the light conditions. Always, light decreased and darkness increased the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene. In the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene is directly affected by light while an earlier step is controlled by an endogenous rhythm.