Measurements of ion velocity and density in the plasma sheath

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Abstract
Using laser‐induced fluorescence, the ion velocity and density inside a dc plasma sheath have been measured. A polished planar electrode, biased at −100 V, was aligned so that a laser beam struck it at normal incidence. Using this arrangement, the ion velocity component perpendicular to the electrode surface was measured. By detecting the fluorescence while scanning the laser frequency, a line shape was recorded that had two peaks, due to the Doppler shift from the incident and reflected beams. The separation of the peaks yielded an absolutely calibrated measure of the ion drift velocity, while the height of the peaks gave the ion density. As expected, in the sheath the measured ion density was lower and the velocity was higher than in this plasma. Using these measurements, it was confirmed that the ion flux is conserved in a sheath. The spatial profiles of ion velocity and density in the sheath were used to test a time‐independent two‐fluid theory, and good agreement was found. The data were also compared to Child’s law, which showed good agreement near the electrode but predicted the density poorly, as expected, near the plasma–sheath boundary.

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