Moving multiple dipole model for cardiac activity.

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Abstract
A single-dipole model and a 2-dipole model were examined to approximate the electrical activity of and heart; positions and vector components of these dipoles were estimated from the body surface potential distribution measured with 64 electrodes arranged on the chest. Residue is defined as a measure for how much potential component is left that cannot be attributed to the equivalent dipoles. A locus of the vector end of an equivalent dipole in the single-dipole model is very much like ordinary vectorcardiogram (VCG). The residue has a peak in the last half of QRS; this means that the single-dipole approximation is not valid there. Then another dipole is introduced, which is the 2-dipole approximation. The residue was greatly reduced and the peak disappeared. The resultant 2 dipoles moved around in the right and left parts of the heart with nearly opposite directions. The moving 2-dipole model for normal [human] subjects describes the cardiac activity in QRS much better than with the moving single-dipole model.