Transsphenoidal surgery and adjuvant gamma knife treatment for growth hormone—secreting pituitary adenoma

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Abstract
The results of combined transsphenoidal surgery and adjuvant gamma knife surgery (GKS) for growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenoma were investigated using biochemical cure criteria for surgery and biological cure criteria for adjuvant GKS. Ninety patients (42 male and 48 female patients), ranging from 11 to 75 years of age, underwent transsphenoidal surgery for GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Preoperative and postoperative GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels were measured, as was the postoperative GH level after the oral glucose tolerance test. Tumor size, cavernous sinus (CS) invasion, and residual tumor were evaluated using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Transsphenoidal microsurgery was performed, followed by adjuvant GKS when there was persistent biochemical evidence of GH hypersecretion with residual tumor detectable in the CS on MR imaging. Patients in whom GKS was contraindicated were treated with conventional radiotherapy or by medical means. The overall surgical cure rate was 57% based on recently accepted biochemical cure criteria. Patients with no CS invasion achieved a 100% cure rate, whereas patients with CS invasion achieved an 82% cure rate (14 of 17 patients) after adjuvant GKS. The combination of transsphenoidal microsurgery and adjuvant GKS is the optimal therapy for patients with GH-secreting adenoma.