Interactions of ionizing radiation, nitrosamines, sulfonoxyalkanes and antioxidants as they affect carcinogenesis and survival in mice

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Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) pretreatment of 8 wk old BALB/c mice for 28 days protected against 30 day lethality by X-rays, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) but not against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In X-ray survivors, neither mean survival nor leukemia incidences were affected by BHT. However, BHT (lifetime), given alone or with DEN (300 mg/kg BW [body weight] in H2O) or 250 rads X-rays, increased irradiated survivors at 18 mo. but not leukemia or tumor incidence. BHT + DEN treated females had increased survival and a decreased frequency of forestomach squamous carcinomas compared with DEN alone; no differences were seen in males or in pulmonary adenomas. In X-ray + DEN treated females, effect upon survival was additive but the specific diseases causing this effect were not identified.