A comparison of the psychological characteristics of smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers
- 1 January 1990
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Vol. 46 (1) , 102-105
- https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199001)46:1<102::aid-jclp2270460116>3.0.co;2-i
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to ascertain differences among smokers (n = 51), ex-smokers (n = 46), and nonsmokers (n = 138) in self-control and needs for affiliation, order, and endurance. Ex-smokers were found to have significantly greater self-control, as well as considerably higher needs for order and endurance, than smokers or nonsmokers, and a markedly greater need for affiliation than smokers. Furthermore, nonsmokers exhibited significantly more self-control than smokers. It was concluded that ex-smokers, rather than being intermediate between smokers and nonsmokers, comprised a distinct group on the scales examined.This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
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