Synergistic Interactions BetweenVerticillium dahliaeandPratylenchus penetransin Potato Early Dying Disease

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Abstract
Field microplot studies were conducted on fumigated soil of 2 soil types over 4 seasons (1980-1983) to determine effects of V. dahliae and P. penetrans on the development of potato early dying disease. Tests with 3 population levels of P. penetrans and 2 of V. dahliae, alone and in all combinations, showed that disease occurred when both pathogens interacted synergistically at population levels that individually had little or no effect. Yield reductions of 25-50% often occurred in the presence of both pathogens. Yield losses were not always associated with foliar symptom development, but were most pronounced in seasons when high-temperature stress occurred during tuberization. The interaction of P. penetrans with V. dahliae in potato early dying is an important factor that must be considered in the development of disease forecasting and crop-loss predictive systems.