The antioxidant properties of theaflavins and their gallate esters — radical scavengers or metal chelators?

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Abstract
The antioxidant properties of theaflavins and their gallate esters were studied by investigating their abilities to scavenge free radicals in the aqueous and lipophilic phases. The total relative antioxidant activities in the aqueous phase were assessed by measuring their direct ABTS·+ radical scavenging abilities, and by their efficacies in inhibiting the degradation of deoxyribose induced by iron. The propensities for enhancing the resistance of LDL to oxidation mediated by Cu2+ were also measured. The results show that the hierarchy of reactivity of these compounds as antioxidants is: theaflavin digallate > 3′-monogallate=3-monogallate > theaflavin. Spectroscopic studies show that all the compounds chelate iron and copper; enhanced absorbance in the visible region is observed in the case of the iron-digallate complex, but not with copper.