Middle-Lobe Atelectasis Due to Endobronchial Sarcoidosis, with Hypercalcemia and Renal Impairment

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Abstract
OVER a decade ago, Graham, Burford and Mayer1 introduced the term "middle-lobe syndrome" to describe a state of chronic atelectasis and pneumonitis in the middle lobe due to bronchial compression by enlarged hilar lymph nodes. In 1937 Brock, Cann and Dickinson2 stressed the occurrence of atelectasis from bronchial compression by tuberculous hilar lymphadenopathy in children. In 1946 Brock3 explained the vulnerability of the middle-lobe bronchus to this process on the basis of its length, pliability, acute angle of origin and surrounding cuff of lymph nodes draining not only the right middle lobe but also the right lower lobe. Brock4 emphasized . . .

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