The Paradoxes of Public Participation

Abstract
New public participation programs have been enacted in the federal bureaucracy in the last 15 years; these programs intend to broaden the diversity and range of interests participating in agency affairs. to bring citizens into policy planning and to encourage greater ageney sensitivity to citizen interests. One explanation for the apparent failure to achieve these objectives in current programs is that advocates have not based goals on sound empirical and theoretical grounds. A number of propositions, based on program experience, are suggested because they seem to offer a more satisfactory description and explanation of program accomplishment .

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