Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Faculty Promotion in Academic Medicine

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Abstract
While several studies have demonstrated that female faculty are less likely than men to be promoted to senior rank,1-9 less is known about the promotion of racial/ethnic minority faculty members. In recent decades, the numbers of minority faculty have increased, and these increases have encompassed minority groups traditionally underrepresented in medicine, including blacks, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, American Indians, and Alaska Natives, as well as minority groups that have not been considered underrepresented, including Asian or Pacific Islanders (APIs) and other Hispanic Americans.10