The spectrum of genitourinary abnormalities in patients with cryptorchidism, with emphasis on testicular carcinoma

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Abstract
A spectrum of genitourinary abnormalities occur in patients with cryptorchidism; the most important is the enhanced susceptibility to developing testis cancer. While the etiologic basis for developing testis cancer in cryptorchid patients remains controversial, failure of normal testicular development—testicular dysgenesis—may underlie carcinogenesis in the cryptorchid testis. This report reviews these associations as well as the characteristics of testis cancer in the cryptorchid testis and the evidence supporting early orchiopexy.