Prognostic significance of p27Kip1 expression in bladder cancer

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Abstract
The importance of markers in urological cancer is well recognised and many attempts are being made to find one which will be of prognostic significance. Authors from New York found that low expression of p27Kip1 in patients with bladder cancer was a significant predictor of pelvic recurrence, progression to metastasis and death. Authors from Switzerland examined patients with a primary solitary distal ureteric TCC; they found that distal ureteric resection in such patients is feasible, and that the long-term oncological outcome appears to be comparable to more radical treatment of this condition. To define the prognostic significance of p27(Kip1) expression in bladder cancer for overall, disease-specific, metastasis-free and pelvic recurrence-free survival, and to identify clinical and pathological correlates of p27(Kip1) immunophenotypes. Tumour samples from 128 evaluable patients with bladder cancer were assessed by immunohistochemistry for p27(Kip1) and E2F-1 expression. Immunoreactivity of p27(Kip1) was correlated with clinicopathological variables, E2F-1 immunoreactivity, and outcome. Multivariate analysis was used to assess predictors of outcome. The median follow-up was 30.9 months overall and 105.7 months in the 32 patients alive at the last follow-up. The fraction of tumour cells with p27(Kip1) nuclear immunoreactivity was or = 75% in 13 patients. High-grade tumours and those with lower E2F-1 nuclear reactivity had a lower mean percentage p27(Kip1) reactivity (P = 0.047 and 0.011, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the percentage p27(Kip1) reactivity was a significant independent predictor of pelvic recurrence (P = 0.017), progression to metastases (P = 0.046), death from disease (P = 0.008), and death from any cause (P = 0.017), with a low expression portending a worse prognosis. Suspicion of vascular invasion was a significant independent predictor of progression to metastases (P = 0.002), death from disease, and death from any cause (both P < 0.001). Lymph node involvement was a significant independent predictor of progression to metastases (P = 0.006). Low expression of p27(Kip1) was a significant independent predictor of pelvic recurrence, progression to metastasis, death from disease and death from any cause, in patients with bladder cancer.