Substate Excitation of2+States Produced by Inelastic Scattering of Protons onC12,Fe54, andNi58

A combined analysis of absolute in-plane and $z$-axis (spin-flip) $p-\gamma$ angular correlation measurements for $0^{+}$-$2^{+}$-$0^{+}$ transitions leads to various combinations of substate cross sections, populations, and phase angles. These quantities are compared with predictions based on reaction-mechanism theories. The test is very stringent. Measurements and analyses have been carried out for ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}(p,p^{\prime }\gamma ){}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$(4.44 MeV) and ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(p,p^{\prime }\gamma ){}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$(1.45 MeV) at $E_p=20\mathrm{}$ MeV, and for ${}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}(p,p^{\prime }\gamma ){}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$(1.41 MeV) at $E_p=19.6\mathrm{}$ MeV.