Removing Aquatic Humus From Norwegian Lakes

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Abstract
Research was conducted to clarify the mechanism of removal of aquatic humus by coagulation with aluminum and to determine the optimum coagulant dosage and pH for maximum removal of humus. In all cases a pH of 5.5 was the optimum for efficient coagulation. Water sources with the greatest amount of low‐molecular‐weight organics were shown to have the highest coagulant demand and the lowest removal of total organic carbon. When sufficient alum was added for maximum removal of humus at the optimum pH, residual aluminum was minimized.