Pulsation artifact in short TR MR imaging and angiography: Exacerbation with signal averaging

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Abstract
Averaging the signals from more than one excitation per phase‐encoding view increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio and, in conventional spin‐echo magnetic resonance imaging, reduces most motion artifacts. To determine the effects of signal averaging on two‐dimensional gradient‐echo images, acquisitions with different TRs and with no averaging versus multiple‐signal averaging were compared in a pulsatile flow phantom and the human abdominal aorta. Intraview (each view repeated before changing the phase‐encoding value) and interview (obtaining all views sequentially and then repeating the entire set) averaging methods were used. Pulsation artifacts were present on all images of the flow phantom and the aorta. Intraview signal averaging, the method most commonly used, exacerbated rather than ameliorated pulsation artifacts with short TR sequences. Pulsation artifacts on two‐dimensional images obtained with a short TR can be minimized by completing the acquisition as rapidly as possible, avoiding signal averaging. If signal averaging is used for short TR images, it should be interview averaging.