Adjustable set point: to honor Harold T. Hammel

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Abstract
The value of a regulated variable in the absence of external perturbation stabilizes at the set point of the system. This set point is an information input that may be determined by an external signal to which the regulated variable is compared or may be determined by the structural characteristics of the system itself. In the case of temperature regulation the actual internal temperature is compared with the set point “wanted” by the organism. The activating signal for the regulatory responses, the “error signal,” is the difference between the actual temperature and the set point. When an error signal is detected, the organism produces the available corrective responses. Yet, the notion of thermoregulatory set point has been challenged recently. Such a questioning entails that both fever and anapyrexia are useless concepts. This minireview examines the available arguments and data and concludes that to abandon the concepts of set point, fever, and anapyrexia is premature, at best.

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