Effects of blood glucose and plasma osmolality on transmucosal fluid movement and intestinal drug absorption.

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Abstract
The transmucosal fluid inflow and the absorption of sulfanilamide in alloxan diabetic rats increased significantly compared to control rats using the in situ recirculating perfusion method. In relation to this, the effects of diabetes on these intestinal absorptions was studied. Plasma osmolality was increased with increasing blood glucose and a good correlation was obtained over a wise range of the blood glucose. The increase of blood glucose resulted in the increment of the transmucosal fluid inflow and the absorption of the drug. To examine these effects of blood glucose, rats having hyperglycemia, one of the physiological characteristics in diabetic animals, were prepared by the administration of D-glucose. The fluid movement and the drug absorption in the glucose administered rats were significantly increased compared to the controls and significant differences were not found compared to the diabetics based on small intestine dry-weight. A possible mechanism on the increase of the drug absorption in the diabetics would be that the enhancement of plasma osmolality due to the hyperglycemia caused the increment of the transmucosal fluid inflow to compensate the abnormally high blood osmolality and this inflow might lead to increased drug absorption.