Identification of Hop Cultivars by DNA Marker Analysis

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Abstract
We applied random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism of hazy associations (ALPHA) to the identification of hop cultivars. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random primer or sequence-tagged-sites (STS) was found to give a variety of specific fingerprints from hop DNA, requiring no hop DNA sequence information. Varietal identification of hops was performed using the fingerprints that included DNA fragment polymorphisms. Subsequently, these RAPD (or ALPHA) fragments were sequenced, and specific primers for the individual RAPD (or ALPHA) fragments were synthesized. The fragments amplified by the specific primers allow for a much clearer identification of hop cultivars. Eleven typical hop cultivars were successfully distinguished from one another using these specific primers. This method was also useful for the detection of mixed samples of hop cultivars.

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