Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three‐model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz

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Abstract
The frequency dependence of electromagnetic field‐induced calcium‐ion efflux from chicken brain tissues has been examined at 15‐Hz intervals over the range 1–510 Hz. The electric field component was 15 Vrms/m and the magnetic component varied between 59 and 69 nTrms. No patterns of response as a function of frequency could be readily discerned when the differences in mean efflux values between exposed and sham samples were compared. However, the calculated P‐value, a function that combines at each frequency the difference between the means of the exposed and sham groups with the variance of each group, does provide a basis for hypothesizing the existence of three frequency‐dependent patterns in the data. One pattern includes all the highly significant (P < .01) responses which occur between 15 and 315 Hz, at 30‐Hz intervals; two independent trials at 165 Hz, giving nonsignificant responses (P > .5), break this pattern into two groups of five frequencies each, which is contrary to the expected result for a simple Lorentz‐force interaction. However, another pattern of significant results at 60, 90, and 180 Hz, but not at 300 Hz, is consistent with a Lorentz‐force model. A third pattern, composed of only one significant response at 405 Hz, is very close to the resonance predicted on a linear extrapolation from high‐frequency data for 13carbon atoms. This hypothetical ordering of the frequency‐response profile provides the basis for future experimental designs to test each possible interaction model and for their connection to the calcium‐ion efflux endpoint.