Diet and the Metabolism of 2-Aminofluorene

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Abstract
The following diazotizable amines were found in the urine of dogs fed 2-acetylaminofluorene or 2-aminofluorene: (a) an ether-soluble, acid-soluble amine, identified spectrophotometrically as 2-aminofluorene; (b) an ether-soluble, conjugated amine identified spectrophotometrically as 2-acetylaminofluorene; (c) an ether-soluble, alkali-soluble amine; (d) an ether-insoluble, water-soluble, heat-stable amine; and (e) an ether-insoluble, water-soluble, heat-labile amine. Increasing amounts of dietary casein and riboflavin raised the urinary excretion of ether-soluble free and conjugated amines (a) and (b) but decreased the excretion of the water-soluble, heat-labile amine (e). A high pantothenate intake raised the excretion of conjugated 2-aminofluorene and decreased the excretion of the heat-labile amine (e). Maximum excretion of free and conjugated aminofluorene and minimum excretion of the heat-labile amine, especially in dogs fed the free amine, were obtained when the protein content of the diet was much above the amount needed for maintenance of an average adult. Similar effects were produced by increasing the amounts of riboflavin and pantothenate, forming diets which experience had demonstrated to be somewhat protective against the toxicity of the aminofluorenes. It is suggested that these diets promote increased oxidation of the carcinogen. These studies demonstrate that the degree of conjugation of these amines cannot be estimated by determining the degree of diazotization before and after hydrolysis of a urine solution.