α-Aminoadipate pool concentration and penicillin biosynthesis in strains of Penicillium chrysogenum

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Abstract
Intracellular amino acid pools in four Penicillium chrysogenum strains, which differed in their ability to produce penicillin, were determined under conditions supporting growth without penicillin production and under conditions supporting penicillin production. A significant correlation between the rate of pencillin production and the intracellular concentration of α-aminoadipate was observed, which was not shown with any other amino acid in the pool. In replacement cultivation, penicillin production was stimulated by α-aminoadipate, but not by valine or cysteine. Exogenously added α-aminoadipate (2 or 3 mM) maximally stimulated penicillin synthesis in two strains of different productivity. Under these conditions intracellular concentrations of α-aminoadipate were comparable in the two strains in spite of the higher rate of penicillin production in the more productive strain. Results suggest that the lower penicillin titre of strain Q 176 is due to at least two factors: (i) the intracellular concentration of α-aminoadipate is insufficient to allow saturation of any enzyme which is rate limiting in the conversion of α-aminoadipate to penicillin and (ii) the level of an enzyme, which is rate limiting in the conversion of α-aminoadipate to penicillin, is lower in Q 176 (relative to strain D6/1014/A). Results suggest that the intracellular concentration of α-aminoadipate in strain D6/1014/A is sufficiently high to allow saturation of the rate-limiting penicillin biosynthetic enzyme in that strain. The basis of further correlation of intracellular α-aminoadipate concentration and penicillin titre among strains D6/1014/A, P2, and 389/3, the three highest penicillin producers studied here, remains to be established. Preliminary studies which attempted to explain the differences in intracellular α-aminoadipate concentrations in strains Q 176, D6/1014/A, and P2 in terms of differences in activities or kinetics of two enzymes of lysine biosynthesis (homocitrate synthase and saccharopine dehydrogenase) did not reveal differences in those enzymes among the three strains.