Fish diets and the control of eutrophication resulting from aquaculture

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Abstract
Eutrophication of water bodies is an important environmental issue related to aquaculture. Strategies for minimising the impact of aquaculture on the environment include manipulation of diet formulations and selection of raw materials, husbandry practices related to the feeding of fish, effluent water treatment, recovery of uneaten feed and dead fish, and farm site selection. Concerns about the impact of aquaculture on the environment have led to the introduction of legislation in a number of countries, and such legislation is likely to become increasingly important in regulating the aquaculture industry. Whilst legislation on fish diet composition represents one possible regulatory mechanism, such an approach must consider the complexities of fish biology and nutritional requirements, and the many limnological, hydrographic and environmental factors which ultimately determine the degree of eutrophication. This paper & cusses some aspects of fish nutrition and husbandry practices which determine dietary nutrient losses, and considers some aspects and implications of legislation related to diet composition and feed usage.