Solanum Alkaloids as Larval Feeding Deterrents for Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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Abstract
Sixth instars of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), were exposed in feeding bioassays to five Solanum alkaloids, tomatidine, tomatine, α-solanine, α-chaconine, and solanidine. All five showed significant feeding deterrence at 10−3 M. At 10−4 M, feeding was reduced, with tomatine, solanidine, and α-chaconine retaining significant levels of deterrence. The Solanum alkaloids did not show wide differences in activity, even in greatly differing glycoside-aglycone pairs, tomatine-tomatidine and α-solanine-solanidine.