A quantitative method for the analysis of cell shape and locomotion

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Abstract
A rapid, semiautomated system to quantitate and analyze leukocyte shape and locomotion was developed. Video images of moving leukocytes were obtained using a Vidicon camera mounted on a Nikon phase microscope. The video signal was either inputted directly, or indirectly via a video cassette recorder, to a Datacube video analog-digital, digital-analog converter. A Digital Equipment Corporation LSI 11/23 computer using the RT-11/TSX-Plus operating system and computer programs written in FORTRAN and MARCO assembly language permitted image segmentation, image display, and calculation of position, speed, direction of movement and orientation of each leukocyte at 10 s intervals. These data were stored on a winchester disk for subsequent evaluation of the leukocyte orientation, speed and direction of movement using statistical and graphical methods. The reproducibility of measurements made with the video system was tested by comparison with manual measurements; a correlation coefficient of 0.998 was obtained for the two methods. Rates of chemokinesis were then determined for unstimulated and chemokinetically stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and found to average 12.8 μm/min and 18.1 μm/min, respectively. The high speed, ease of data analysis, and potential for multiparameter evaluation makes this system useful for directly evaluating leukocyte locomotion.