Mode structure and photon number correlations in squeezed quantum pulses

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Abstract
The question of an efficient multimode description of optical pulses is studied. We show that a relatively very small number of nonmonochromatic modes can be sufficient for a complete quantum description of pulses with Gaussian quadrature statistics. For example, a three-mode description was enough to reproduce the experimental data of photon number correlations in optical solitons [S. Spälter, N. Korolkova, F. König, A. Sizmann, and G. Leuchs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 786 (1998)]. This approach is very useful for a detailed understanding of squeezing properties of soliton pulses with the main potential for quantum communication with continuous variables. We show how homodyne detection and/or measurements of photon number correlations can be used to determine the quantum state of the multimode field. We also discuss a possible way of physical separation of the nonmonochromatic modes.