Second‐Order Elastic Analysis for Frame Design

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Abstract
Several methods of second‐order elastic analysis are developed here primarily for the practical use in mini‐ and microcomputers. To this end, the stiffness equations derived from the analytical solutions are first expressed in series expansion and then reduced by some simplifications. Their accuracy is then examined with regard to their applicability for practical design. This is followed by a comparison with the accuracy of the B1 and B2 factor analysis method recommended by the 1986 AISC/LRFD specification. The proposed method using one cycle of iteration is simplest and yet accurate enough for practical purposes. It can be easily implemented into the customary computer programs for the usual elastic first‐order analysis without increasing its capacity. Taking all these factors into consideration in conjunction with the demonstrated validity of the approach, it is recommended for general use.

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