Growth suppression in early-stationary-phase nutrient broth cultures of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli is genus specific and not regulated by sigma S

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Abstract
We have studied the growth suppression seen in early-stationary-phase LB broth cultures of Salmonella typhimurium. Multiplication of small numbers of an antibiotic-resistant S. typhimurium mutant was prevented when the mutant was added to 24-h cultures of the antibiotic-sensitive parent strain, whereas an antibiotic-resistant mutant of an Escherichia coli strain added to the same culture grew well. A 24-h E. coli culture produced a similar specific bacteriostatic inhibition against E. coli. In older cultures, a specific bactericidal effect similar to that observed by M. M. Zambrano and R. Kolter (J. Bacteriol. 175:5642-5647, 1993) was also observed. Whether incubated statically or shaken, sufficient nutrients were present in the filtered supernatants of 24-h cultures for small inocula of the same strain to multiply to ca. 10(9) CFU/ml after reincubation. Introduction of the rpoS mutation had no effect on the specific bacteriostatic inhibition. Similar specific inhibition was also observed in strains of Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Shigella spp. Experiments in which the 24-h culture was physically separated from the antibiotic-resistant mutant by using a dialysis membrane were carried out. These results indicated that the inhibition might be mediated by a diffusible but labile chemical mediator.