Evidence for a complex life cycle and endospore formation in the attached, filamentous, segmented bacterium from murine ileum

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Abstract
Light and electron microscope observations showed that the filamentous, segmented bacterium commonly found attached to the ileal epithelium of rats and mice undergoes a complex life cycle. Filaments comprising up to 90 segments were attached to the microvillous border of absorptive epithelial cells by a specialized terminal holdfast segment. Starting at the free end of the filament and progressing toward the attached end, undifferentiated segments were converted into reproductive or mother segments. Within each mother cell 2 new holdfast segments developed. As the holdfasts matured, their mother cells degenerated and released them into the intervillar space where they attached, grew and divided to produce new segmented filaments. In some filaments, newly formed but not yet released holdfasts were converted into endospores, which were released in the same manner as holdfasts, presumably to spread the bacterial colony to other members of the rodent population.