Indications for Surgery of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract
AMONG patients suffering from disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract the problem of whether or not to undertake surgery is most frequently posed by those with peptic ulcer of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Less common, but sometimes requiring difficult decision, are cases of diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal varices, cardiospasm and gastritis. Any attempt to establish rigid criteria for surgery in these conditions is thwarted by the myriad combinations of pros and cons that emerge from consideration of any one case. One may, however, establish general indications for abandoning further medical management in favor of the results achievable by surgery.Peptic . . .