Determination of Interface States for CaF2/Si(111) from Near-Edge X-Ray-Absorption Measurements

Abstract
The technique of polarization-dependent near-edge x-ray absorption is applid to an interface by taking advantage of core-level and Auger energy shifts for interface atoms. For epitaxial CaF2/Si(111) several unoccupied Ca- and F-derived interface states are found. The orientation of the corresponding orbitals is determined from the polarization dependence. The Ca atoms at the interface are found to be in the 1 + oxidation state.