Preparation and assessment of frozen‐hydrated sections of mammalian tissue for electron microscopy and X‐ray microprobe analysis

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Abstract
A system is described for preparing and examining frozen-hydrated sections of mammalian tissue, using commercially available equipment. An essential part of the system is a liquid nitrogen cooled vacuum transfer system. Minor modifications were required to interface the various manufacturers' equipment, and also to facilitate handling of specimens in the cryoultramicrotome. A variety of criteria indicates that our sections are truly frozen-hydrated, but negligible image contrast in the sections is a serious problem both for morphological work and X-ray microanalysis.