An electrophysiological study of somatic and visceral convergence in the reflex control of the external sphincters

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Abstract
Mass wave and single unit discharges were recorded from pudendal efferents innervating the external anal and urethral sphincters in chloralose anesthetized or decerebrate cats. Reflex discharges in these neurons were elicited by electrical stimulation of the contralateral pudendal nerve, the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh or the vesical or colonic branches of the pelvic nerve. The latencies of the evoked responses were 5.5-20 ms. The vesical branches of the pelvic nerve produced discharges less consistently than the other nerves. Irrespective of whether afferent stimulation produced an early evoked response there was always a prolonged period of depression of pudendal nerve excitability following the stimulus. Condition-test interactions showed that this depression began within 50 ms of the stimulus and that its duration varied between 150 and 2500 ms in single units, with a modal value of 500 ms. No evoked response or depression of excitability was seen when afferents in the hypogastric or lumbar colonic nerves were stimulated. Increasing intravesical or intracolonic pressure, within physiological limits, produced a graded reduction in the size of evoked discharges. Short trains of stimuli (4 shocks in 20 ms) applied to the raphe nucleus, were capable of inhibiting test responses in pudendal efferents for periods of up to 800 ms. The possible functional roles of 2 groups of sphincteric reflex interneurons, with either excitatory or inhibitory receptive fields, are discussed.