Spermatogenesis and spermatophore production in the hawaiian red lobster Enoplometopus occidentalis (Randall) (Crustacea, nephropidae)

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Abstract
Light microscopy of the male reproductive tract of the Hawaiian red lobster Enoplometopus occidentalis documented the cyclic nature of spermatogenesis and spermatophore formation. Testes are composed of a convoluted collecting tubule bearing many spermatogenic follicles, all within a supporting mesentery. Spermatogonia are restricted to the basal side of the follicular epithelium and proliferate at onset of spermateleosis within the same follicle. Two generations of spermatogenic cells thus occupy each follicle, and accessory cells in the follicle form a basophilic epithelium between them. These accessory cells may detach with the spermatozoa at spermiation.The vas deferens lies outside the testicular mesentery and consists of a coiled proximal portion in which spermatophore production commences. Clusters of spermatozoa are here surrounded by a PAS‐positive primary spermatophore layer, and a PAS‐negative outer bounding layer is initiated. Completed further distally in the vas deferens, the outer bounding layer is thinner on the side of the spermatophore which adheres to the substratum after ejaculation; the thick side of this layer forms a broad cap. Outer circular and inner longitudinal muscular layers become well developed in the distal loop and descending portions of the vas deferens. The terminal portion of this duct contains no spermatophore prior to ejaculation. It has a longitudinally folded epithelium and an attached tubular gland which produces an extra‐spermatophoral, gelatinous secretion. The androgenic gland is associated with this terminal segment of the vas deferens. These features are compared with those reported for other lobsters.