The Transforming Growth Factors Beta in Development and Functional Differentiation of the Mouse Mammary Gland

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Abstract
The transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß) are multifunctional regulators with diverse effects on a variety of developmental processes and differentiated functions. In the mammary gland, a considerable amount of evidence has accumulated indicating that TGF- 3 plays a critical role during several phases of the mammary cycle. TGF-(3 regulates growth and patterning of the mammary ductal tree in the virgin mouse. During pregnancy, TGF-ß is required for alveolar development and functional differentiation, while at the same time inhibiting secretion of milk proteins. At parturition this inhibition is lifted, permitting initiation of lactation.