Lycopersicon esculentum: Trifoliate plants recovered from anther cultures of heterozygous tftf plants

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Abstract
The effects of the genotype and growth medium composition on callus induction and shoot regeneration from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) anthers were studied. Five male sterile varieties, homozygous for the recessive gene ms 1035, their isogenic fertile counterparts, and nineteen sterile mutants from an F2 population segregating for ms 1035, were tested. Callus induction and shoot formation were found to be affected by the genotype. The presence of the mutant gene ms 1035 greatly increased callus induction. A significant interaction concerning callus induction was found between the ms 1035 gene and the general genetic background. In most of the plants shoot regeneration from the anthers was associated with various degrees of callus production. However, there was no correlation between callus production and the ability to regenerate plants from that callus. Anthers isolated from plants which were heterozygous for the recessive leaf marker trifoliate, regenerated diploid plants with trifoliate leaves. The plants retained the trifoliate phenotype for over six months in culture under non-aseptic condition. Since the trifoliate phenotype appears only in the homozygous recessive state, the evidence that these trifoliate plants are doubled haploids of sporogenic origin is discussed.