Surface Layers on Ferroelectric BaTiO3 Crystals

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Abstract
The rf‐induced electroluminescence emitted from a BaTiO3 crystal surface is studied in detail as a function of temperature, voltage, frequency of the rf field, electrode material, etc. It is shown that electroluminescence is essentially produced in the surface layer which exists on BaTiO3 crystals and is not associated with dipole reversal or domain rearrangement, although the dielectric properties of the bulk alter the light output considerably. The characteristics of the surface layer, which is shown to be a space‐charge layer, have been determined and the mechanism of electroluminescence elucidated.