Electron Fluctuations and Transport in Toroidal Plasmas

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Abstract
Negative-energy modes driven by a normal gradient of the electron temperature are found in two-dimensional equilibrium configurations such as the toroidal diffuse pinch. These modes tend to grow by transferring (positive) energy to the resonating electrons; they have properties that make them suitable to alter considerably the orbits of the deeply trapped electrons by proper resonant interactions, and make them lead to electron thermal energy transport across the magnetic field without corresponding particle transport.