Burkitt's lymphoma between African and American types in Turkish children: Clinical, viral (EBV), and molecular studies

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Abstract
Seventy‐two Turkish children with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) observed during a period of 22 years (1968–1990) have been analysed retrospectively. The diagnosis was established histologically according to WHO criteria. BL represented 50% of NHL in this series. The patients were staged according to Ziegler's system. The median age of patients was 5.5 years with a sex (M/F) ratio of 2.1/1. The most common primary site of tumor involvement was the abdomen (69.4%), which was followed by facial tumors, in particular the jaw and orbit (49.9%). There were 21 cases with jaw (29.1%) and 15 cases with orbital involvement (20.8%) at initial presentation. The majority of the patients (84.4%) were in advanced stages (C and D) at initial diagnosis. Facial tumors observed in Turkish children with BL were more similar to African Burkitt's lymphoma than American or European cases. High titers of antibodies against VCA and EA of EBV were also seen in our recent cases of BL. Two main treatment regimens, namely, single agent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CYX) (1968–1974) and three drug (COM) combination chemotherapy, were used consecutively (1974–1988). COM has been shown to produce better results than single agent therapy. The clinical presentation, mean age, and high antibodies (lgG) to EBV and preliminary molecular studies revealed that BL appears to be in between African and non‐African types in Turkish children. This will be further elucidated by direct examination of tumor cells for EBV and investigation of the molecular characteristics of Turkish tumors. Such studies are presently under way.