Pelvic inflammatory disease after hysterosalpingography associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis

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Abstract
A total of 116 women were referred for hysterosalpingography because of primary or secondary infertility. C. trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 4 (3.4%) of the patients, whereas M. hominis was isolated from 39 (33.6%) of them. Four patients developed acute pelvic inflammatory disease after hysterosalpingography; 2 of them were chlamydia culture positive, and they developed a significant chlamydial antibody response during the course of the disease. One of the other 2 patients, who developed upper genital-tract infection, was culture positive for M. hominis, and she developed a significant antibody response to this micro-organism. C. trachomatis should be sought in patients before hysterosalpingography, and, if detected, appropriate antibiotic cover should be instituted before the procedure.