Intracoronary β-Irradiation With a Rhenium-188–Filled Balloon Catheter

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Abstract
Background— Restenosis requiring reintervention is the main limitation of coronary angioplasty. Intracoronary irradiation reduces neointimal proliferation. We studied the efficacy of a self-centering liquid rhenium-188–filled balloon catheter for coronary β-brachytherapy. Methods and Results— After successful coronary angioplasty with or without stenting, 225 patients (71% de novo lesions) were randomly assigned to receive 22.5 Gy intravascular β-irradiation in 0.5-mm tissue depth (n=113) or to receive no additional intervention (n=112). Clinical and procedural data did not differ between the groups except a higher rate of stenting in the control group (63%) compared with the rhenium-188 group (45%, P P P P P P =0.006). Conclusions— Intracoronary β-brachytherapy with a rhenium-188 liquid-filled balloon is safe and efficiently reduces restenosis and revascularization rates after coronary angioplasty.

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