Single-electron tunnelling transistor as a current rectifier with potential-controlled current polarity

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Abstract
The asymmetry of the current-voltage characteristic of a single-electron tunnelling transistor causes a current rectification when applying a low-frequency voltage signal. The polarity of the direct current depends on the voltage applied to a gate electrode. The characteristic change in current polarity with increasing gate voltage can be used to detect a difference in the low frequency excitation, and also the high frequency excitation of the two electron reservoirs coupled to the electronic island.