Cellular requirements for lipopolysaccharide adjuvanticity. A role for both T lymphocytes and macrophages for in vitro responses to particulate antigens.

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Abstract
In primary cultures of purified spleen cells from [Escherichia coli] lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responder (C3H/HeN or C57BL/10Sn) or nonresponder (C3H/HeJ or C57BL/10ScN) mice incubated with particulate antigen and LPS prepared by phenol-water extraction (Ph), T [thymus-derived] cells and macrophages (M.THETA.) are required for LPS-induced adjuvanticity. M.THETA. derived from C3H/HeN spleen cells, when mixed with responder C3H/HeN lymphocytes and Ph-LPS, elicited enhanced antibody responses to sheep erythrocyte (SRC) antigen, whereas lymphocytes from the nonresponder C3H/HeJ mouse strain did not evoke this response. Purified T cells from C3H/HeN spleens, when cultured with responder nu/nu spleen cells, and Ph-LPS yielded enhanced anti-TNP [trinitrophenol] PFC [plaque-forming cell] responses, whereas C3H/HeJ T cells did not potentiate immune responses when mixed with optimal concentrations of Ph-LPS. LPS prepared by butanol-water extraction elicited significant adjuvant effects with all cell combinations. Purified responder T cells and M.THETA. enabled responder or nonresponder B [bone marrow-derived] cells to elicit LPS potentiation. T cells and M.THETA. may control LPS-induced augmentation of B cell responses.